The Implementation Of Malang Mayor Rule Vi Of 2015 Close Tariff Populace Transportation

  

Sumber foto: Hipwee

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MALANG MAYOR REGULATION 6 OF 2015 ABOUT TARIFF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

The Research Arranged to Comply The Assignment of Metodologi Penelitian

Lecturer: Miftahus Solehuddin, M.HI

Arranged by:

Izzatul Ulya (15230082)

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW DEPARTEMENT

SYARIAH FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2016

 

A.    BACKGROUND

Malang is 1 of the major cities that receive got a high plenty intensity bustle. This was evidenced past times the many students who come upwards from out of town. Not solely academic activities, but also other activities that back upwards the economic scheme inwards Malang. To back upwards these activities needed populace transport, especially for people who don’t usage private transport.
          In monastic enjoin to institute security, security in addition to comfort inwards the patch of carry inwards the metropolis of Malang, the authorities provides populace transportation is 1 of the shuttles. As stated inwards the Regulation of Mayor of the City of Malang Number 5 of 2011 on the Implementation of Transport People on the Road alongside the Motor Vehicle Works, which reads Transportation Network Road is a serial of nodes and/or infinite activities that are linked past times infinite traffic thence equally to shape a unified network organisation for the purposes of organizing traffic in addition to route transport. Transport is the movement of people and/or goods from 1 house to some other past times using the Space Vehicles inwards Road Traffic. Traffic is the movement of vehicles in addition to people inwards the Road Traffic Space. Commercial vehicles are motor vehicles which is provided for usage past times the populace past times paying either straight or indirectly.[1]

One of the government’s policy of Malang inwards determining populace transportation is the transportation tariffs. To follow upwards coming together Forum Traffic in addition to Road Transport Malang in addition to representatives of carry owners cities dated Jan 23, 2015 inwards monastic enjoin to beak over the adjustment charge per unit of measurement of urban transportation based on changes inwards fuel prices, adjusting the Mayor Regulation Malang  24 of  2013 on Tariff Transport In Mayor Regulation Malang 6 of 2015 on Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation  24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport. As contained inwards article 1, which states that some provisions inwards Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport, is amended equally follows: Tariff Cities Regional Transport for transportation vehicles the metropolis in addition to to all pathways stretch alongside the provisions of the premium cost Rp. 6,000 (six chiliad rupiah) upwards to Rp. 8,000 (eight chiliad rupiah) shall live determined equally follows; (A) betwixt Terminal or remotely unopen to the rider is non a educatee or students Rp. 3500.00 (three chiliad 5 hundred rupiah); (B) betwixt the terminal in addition to passengers or remotely unopen to the uniformed educatee or students Rp. 2,000.00 (two chiliad rupiah).[2]

But inwards exercise inwards the field, nosotros met a lot of practices non inwards accordance alongside the regulations made past times most drivers. Many of those who heighten prices unilaterally transport. Many people are non aware of the existence of it. Usually this mortal inwards activity when in that location are novel students or people who outset came to Malang. Many populace carry drivers who deliberately exploit them. In improver to unilaterally heighten the cost of populace transportation, they also sometimes forces alongside the price. Most populace transportation drivers say no nickels or little change, in addition to some fifty-fifty say the cost of 3500,- really inexpensive in addition to non proportional to the distance.

From the to a higher house explanation, volition beak over the ascent of populace transportation drivers who cheat in addition to don’t obey the rules of Regulation Malang Mayor  24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport In Mayor Regulation Malang  6 of 2015 on Amendment Regulation Malang Mayor 24 of 2013 About Rates Transport.

B.     FORMULATION

1.    How is the implementation of Malang Mayor Regulation  24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015 on Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 About Transport Rates.

2.    Why is the exercise that is inconsistent alongside Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation Number 6 of 2015 on Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation  24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport.

C.      LITERALURE REVIEW

1.    Implementation of Legal Theory

According to Lawrence M. Friedman, in that location are iii elements inwards the legal system, namely:[3] First, the legal organisation has a structure. The legal organisation is constantly changing, but the parts of the organisation was changed at dissimilar speeds, in addition to each component changes is non equally fast equally other specific part. The construction of the legal organisation consists of the next elements: the number in addition to size of the court, its jurisdiction (types of cases examined, in addition to how in addition to why) in addition to how to appeal from 1 courtroom to some other court.

Another aspect is the inwardness of the legal system. Namely the rules, norms, in addition to existent human conduct patterns that are inwards the system. Substance also way “product” generated past times people who are inwards the legal organisation or a determination issued. The emphasis hither lies inwards the laws of the living (Living law), non solely on the rules inwards the mass of the constabulary (law books).

The 3rd element of the legal organisation is a legal culture. Namely human attitudes toward constabulary in addition to the legal organisation - beliefs, values, thoughts in addition to hopes. In other words, the legal civilisation is the atmosphere of social thinking in addition to social forcefulness that determines how the constabulary is used, avoided or misused. Without the legal culture, legal organisation itself volition non live helpless - similar a dead fish lying inwards the handbasket in addition to non similar a alive fish swimming inwards the sea. Friedman likens the legal organisation equally “structure” the constabulary similar a machine. The inwardness is what is produced or worked past times the machine. Legal civilisation is anything or anyone who decides to plough on in addition to plough off the engine in addition to to create upwards one's hear how the machines are used.[4]

2.      Determination of Rates populace transportation system

The organisation of tariff application is the imposition of tariffs on passengers. The way inwards which volition play an of import role inwards the processing of populace carry inwards monastic enjoin to value rates that receive got been defined to supply jurist for all users in addition to traffic tin displace smoothly. In general, explained inwards carry fares is a listing of the prices for users of carry services are arranged on a regular ground in addition to are calculated according to the carry capabilities. Operating rates where in that location is carry fares according to distance speed deviation inwards rates, or specific nature of the cargo beingness transported, whereas the dandy value rates brand the determination based on ii fundamental values, namely:[5]

a.       Cost of populace carry providers,

b.      Gains or desired profit.

In full general tariff organisation is classified into:

1)   The organisation apartment or flat, ie a organisation which sets tariffs for all passengers in addition to all distances.

2)   Systems mileage ground or past times distance, the organisation sets dissimilar rates for each passenger according to the distance of travel.

3) System grouping rates, a combination of apartment in addition to mileage basis, namely carry tariff system is based on the root in addition to finish passengers.

4) System tapering rates ie the organisation alongside mileage ground or past times distance but non proforsional accretion rates alongside changes inwards the distance. The farther the distance of travel, the fare increase volition live small. This organisation is ideal to usage for long distance go alongside a lot of transit inwards other words, given a special cost for the direct in addition to continuous journey.

5)   Tariff organisation based on the status of passengers inwards terms of tariffs differentiated according to the status of passengers, thence in that location is a grouping of passengers alongside dissimilar tariff. The partition of these groups tin live based on age, status in addition to others, for example, students in addition to non-students.

System of tariff differentiation according to the time, that distinction based on the number of passengers at the fourth dimension inwards question. The success tariff organisation is really subject on the elasticity of the journeying that changes inwards the number of passengers if in that location are changes inwards rates or no modify inwards total costs. Elasticity in addition to success charge per unit of measurement fixing past times this distinction is largely determined past times the number of passengers in addition to ticket prices early.[6]

3.      Authority to Make Local Regulation

Under the constitution in addition to legislation authorized establishment inwards the formation of laws in addition to legislation are:[7]

1)        The Council of Representatives together in addition to alongside the blessing of the President. While entitled to suggest draft laws tin live derived from the Parliament, the Government, in addition to DPD.

2)        Legislative Council or Parliament in addition to the Head of Government who shape the local regulations that are entitled to suggest draft local regulations.

The cornerstone of the Authority to brand laws spelled out inwards the legislation include:

1)       Act 12 Year 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation.

2)       Act 32 of 2004 on Regional Government.

3)     Act 27 of 2009 on the People’s Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives in addition to the Regional Representatives Council.

The correct to suggest the grooming of legislation tin live proposed past times the executive in addition to legeslative. Therefore, the competent authorities of the institution/ agency executive in addition to legislature was entitled to submit a draft regulation intended to usage each door.[8]

4.      Material Content in addition to Formation of Regulation

Legislation laid some principles regarding regulation equally follows:

1)      Regional Head sets laws alongside Parliament approval

2)      The regulation established inwards the framework of the implementation of autonomy, chore penbantuan in addition to farther elaboration of legislation is higher.

3)      Regulation should non live opposite to the populace interest, other legislation, or legislation is higher.

a.       The legislation may include provisions compulsion of constabulary enforcement costs, or imprisonment of 6 months or a fine of upwards to 5 1000000 rupiah.

4)      Decision ditetapakan Regional Head for implementing Regulation

5)      Regulation in addition to decisions governing the regional head, loaded inwards the canvass area.

6)      Regulation may appoint sure officers equally investigators implementation of Regulation (Regulation in addition to Decision PPNS Regional Head)[9]

5.        METHODS

1.      Types of Research

This type of inquiry inwards this study is empirical jurisdiction which inwards other words is a form of sociological in addition to legal inquiry tin live named after the patch research, including reviewing the provisions of the applicable constabulary in addition to what happens inwards reality inwards society. Or a study of the actual dry soil or the existent province of affairs that occurs inwards people alongside a persuasion to determine in addition to let on facts in addition to information required, after the required information collected thence leads to the identification of problems that eventually Pb to the small town of the problem.

Empirical inquiry is called, because yous wish to know the argue that why most of the populace transportation drivers don’t obey Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015 on Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport. To let on out their views well-nigh the novel rules.[10]

2.      Research Approach

The approach taken inwards this study using qualitative approach. H5N1 qualitative approach is a inquiry physical care for that produces descriptive data, sourced from the writings or expressions in addition to behaviors that tin live observed past times humans. Using a qualitative approach because the information that volition live obtained past times researchers sourced from observable aspect of informants regulators Malang populace transportation fares, populace transportation drivers in addition to passengers.

Regarding their behavior, researchers volition obtain information from informan to a higher house aspect through interviews why they laid freight rates which are non inwards accordance alongside existing regulations. In accordance alongside the foundation on a qualitative approach, to a greater extent than emphasis on patterns of human behavior, which is seen from the “frame of reference” the doer itself, thence people demand to live understood equally a key histrion in addition to is a unit of measurement of analysts in addition to placing it equally component of a whole.[11]

3.      Analysis

How legal fabric processing is a descriptive analysis[12] that describes the problems faced or studies that supply insights carefully on an private or grouping on the circumstances in addition to symptoms that occur. In this illustration the physical care for of legal materials past times conducting the literature secondary constabulary roofing principal legal materials[13] in addition to secondary legal materials[14] related to normative juridical analysis related to the implementation Regional Rules of Malang. Researcher presents the descriptive, past times describing a status associated alongside the implementation of regulations concerning populace transportation tariff which does non comply alongside existing regulations.

6.        EXPOSURE AND ANALYSIS

1.      Implementation of the Law

Public carry is 1 of carry inwards Malang are oftentimes used. The benefits of carry is of course of study really much. Among other activities inwards monastic enjoin to assist inwards Malang, whether the activity academic, economical in addition to social. Public transportation is an choice to address the growing transportation needs of the community.

One of the government’s policy of Malang inwards determining populace transportation is the transportation tariffs. Under article 2, paragraph (1) of the regulation, which reads

Cities Regional Transportation Tariff for regional transportation in addition to to all the lines stretch alongside the provisions of the premium cost Rp. 6,000 (six chiliad rupiah) upwards to Rp. 8,000 (eight chiliad rupiah) shall live determined equally follows; (A) betwixt Terminal or remotely unopen to the rider is non a educatee or students Rp. 3500.00 (three chiliad 5 hundred rupiah); (B) betwixt the terminal in addition to passengers or remotely unopen to the uniformed educatee or students Rp. 2,000.00 (two chiliad rupiah).[15]

But inwards exercise inwards the field, met a lot of practices that are inconsistent alongside the Mayor Regulation. Numerous violations that occur inwards the field, including populace carry drivers who carry unilaterally heighten prices, forcing the populace transportation tariff payments, utilizing the ‘ignorance’ of society, in addition to others.

In this illustration when viewed from the theory of constabulary implementation past times Lawrence M. Friedman equally has been described above, in that location are iii elements inwards the legal system, namely: the structure, inwardness in addition to legal culture. Structure associated alongside types of cases examined, in addition to how in addition to why) in addition to how to appeal from 1 courtroom to some other court. Another aspect is the inwardness alongside regard to rules, norms, in addition to existent human conduct patterns that are inwards the system, whereas alongside regard to the cultural aspect of human attitudes toward constabulary in addition to the legal organisation - beliefs, values, thoughts in addition to hopes. In monastic enjoin for implementation of the constabulary tin live enforced, thence the to a higher house iii elements can’t live separated.

Substantially constabulary which rules, norms, in addition to existent human conduct patterns that are inwards the system, of course of study it has violated Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015 About Tariff Transport. Violation of this article is really diverse. Among these are many of them who heighten prices unilaterally transport. Likewise, many people who are non aware of the existence of it.

There are several factors why many people don’t know well-nigh it, amidst them the lack of socialization well-nigh the cost of carry fares, equally good equally many populace carry drivers were deliberately forced to pay the cost so. In fact, some are deliberately non follow a predetermined transportation path, after it laid the cost of populace transportation drivers inwards accordance alongside the willingness of populace transportation drivers. Usually, because of populace ignorance is deliberately exploited past times populace transportation drivers.

Actually the cost dissemination freight rates are already placed at each entrance of transport. But unfortunately many 1 time found several shuttles that removing the tariffs. That initially solely the cost of Rp 2,000 for students in addition to Rp. 3500 for the public, in addition to thence deleted past times populace carry drivers. There are fifty-fifty removing the tariff thence completely that no draw of the rules given past times the Department of Transportation inwards Malang.

[16]

In improver many unscrupulous carry driver who deliberately forcing passengers to pay that much. Especially on 1 of the codes that claim populace transportation in addition to long distances are non comparable alongside prices inwards the Mayor Regulation. Usually this mortal inwards activity when in that location are novel students or people who outset came to Malang. Many populace carry drivers who deliberately exploit them. Of the full general charge per unit of measurement of solely well-nigh 3500 rupiah, on average they receive got the cost of well-nigh 5,000 rupiah. Even at night, also found improper payments. Of the charge per unit of measurement that tin live said, alongside around 7500 rupiah to 15,000 rupiah. Even sometimes when inwards a dry soil of quiet, in that location is populace transportation drivers who usage the highest rate, namely 25 000 rupiah.

Strengthen the observation earlier, the writer was able to interview some of the users of populace transport. Nia Student UIN Malang, equally carry users did non know well-nigh the novel rules. In the interview, Nia said, “Saya tidak tahu jika peraturan asli dari Dinas Perhubungan Kota Malang adalah 3500. Selama ini saya membayar dengan harga 4000,- bahkan saya pernah dipaksa membayar 5000,- ketika naik AL. Alasannya karena tidak ada kembalian.”[17] However Qolbi, 1 of the students of the State University of Malang who also oftentimes usage populace transport, admitted that he oftentimes paid populace transportation inwards accordance alongside existing regulations, “Saya sendiri bayar angkot sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, yaitu 3500,-. Itupun harus dilihat-lihat dulu bapak sopirnya. Kalau enakan, biasanya bayar segitu. Kalo enggak, terpaksa bayar 4000,-. Sebagian besar sopir angkot tidak mempermasalahkan itu.”[18]

Probe is to a greater extent than well-nigh the theory of Lawrence M Friedman, the instant aspect of the theory is structural. In this instant aspect relates to the construction of the legal organisation that consists of the next elements; the number in addition to size of the court, its jurisdiction (types of cases examined, in addition to how in addition to why) in addition to how to appeal from 1 courtroom to some other court. But inwards illustration of violation of this, the legal construction of this involves solely the Department of Transportation Malang equally preparers in addition to implementing regional policy inwards the fields of transportation.

Malang metropolis Department of Transportation equally component of the legal construction has a lot of functionality for the sake of existing laws, duties in addition to functions of Malang Transportation Agency inwards the patch of carry lonely amidst them; Formulation in addition to implementation of technical policy inwards the patch of transportation; Formulation in addition to implementation of the Strategic Plan in addition to Work Plan inwards the patch of transportation; Preparation in addition to adoption of technical computer programme the transportation network; Monitoring in addition to supervision of route carry in addition to airdrome affairs; Implementation of activities inwards the patch of fee collection; Management of populace complaints inwards the transportation sector.[19]

Department of Transportation Malang equally implementers of authorities policy inwards the fields of transportation admitted aware of practices that are inconsistent alongside Mayor Regulation. The writer managed to interview Cahyo Budi Santoso, equally a patch officeholder inwards the Field of Public Transport Department of Transportation Malang,

"Selaku petugas pelayan publik, kami mengacu pada peraturan yang ada seperti yang ada di perda ini. Tapi kenyataan yang ada di lapangan, angkutan kota selaku usaha milik pribadi,  kalau ada kejadian seperti itu adalah oknum. Kami tidak bisa memeriksa setiap angkot. Selama ini juga banyak pengaduan dari masyarakat, tetapi kenyataannya pelaksanaan itu kurang maksimal. Karena pelaksanaannya di jalan dan dalam keadaan bergerak.”[20]

After the ii elements are met, other aspects that back upwards the implementation of the dominion of constabulary organisation is the legal culture. It concerns the legal civilisation of human attitudes toward constabulary in addition to the legal organisation - beliefs, values, thoughts in addition to hopes. In other words, the legal civilisation is the atmosphere of social thinking in addition to social forcefulness that determines how the constabulary is used, avoided or misused. Every guild has a legal culture, they receive got a persuasion that is non the same for the law, which is influenced past times the sub-culture (SARA, age, gender, education, income in addition to fifty-fifty past times interests)[21]

In implementing the to a higher house theory, it tin live said that in that location is a legal civilisation that this illustration is a human mental attitude that indicates depression awareness of in addition to compliance alongside existing law. The number of violations of populace transportation drivers rated equally a depression awareness of the law. To modify the legal civilisation of the community demand to empathise their values, traditions, customs, in addition to all the dominant attitudes. Understanding the important of the constabulary in addition to the legislation itself, on the applicability Mayor Regulation on carry fares.

Legal civilisation inwards guild is inseparable alongside the customs that be inwards society. Most people who usage populace carry receive got been aware of these regulations. As a upshot of habit to say ‘yes’ inwards reality, eventually pushing ‘the elements’ breaking the rules. So that legal awareness inwards the community is depression in addition to has go a habit of breaking the constabulary that has been set.

2.      Reasons Rates Public Transportation Not Accordance alongside Regulation

In this intelligence the authors tin non live separated alongside the work of legal culture. Where inwards Indonesia, legal awareness is all the same really low. Violations are considered mutual people most people inwards Indonesia. Though the legal civilisation is the most of import aspect. Due to the absence of a legal culture, the legal organisation volition overlap.

There are several reasons why most of the populace transportation drivers implement populace transportation tariff which does non comply alongside existing regulations. The writer was able to interview Habib, 1 of the drivers of populace transportation said that,

"Kebijakan walikota itu tidak adil. Harusnya kenaikan premium, harus dilihat dari presentase. BBM naiknya berapa, maka kenaikan juga harus sesuai dengan presentasi. Dengar-dengar,apabila BBM turun 500,- maka tariff angkot juga turun 500,- nah kalau seandainya BBM turun 6000,- terus 3000,- itu habis. Mengenai penarikan angkot lain saya tidak tahu. Coba disurvey dengan angkotan lain bahkan ada yang mengambil harga Rp. 10000.”[22]

Moreover, the authors also conducted interviews alongside 1 of the drivers of populace transportation does non advert his name, “Saya tahu peraturan itu, tapi memang kita sengaja bulatkan menjadi 4000,- karena tidak ada uang receh. Saya sendiri mengikuti peraturan yang ada, hanya saja memang masyarakat sudah terbiasa dengan harga 4000,-. Masyarakatpun seolah meng’iya’kan..”[23]

Questioning the legal awareness inwards regulation also questioned aspects of constabulary enforcement. The study e'er conducted past times Soerjono Soekanto of Awareness in addition to Compliance Laws inwards 1982, opening the door Increasingly clear assessment of the importance of community involvement inwards the invention consciously obey a constabulary was passed in addition to implemented consistently inwards social relations.[24] With Reviews their criminal offence transportation drivers considered that was normal past times society, of course, community involvement inwards reporting violations of populace transportation users is sure enough really influential alongside constabulary enforcement inwards Indonesia, peculiarly inwards the metropolis of Malang. With the cooperation of the populace inwards populace electrical charge thence helped enforce them.

7.    CONCLUSION

From the to a higher house explanation, it tin live concluded that the implementation of the Regulations Mayor on carry tariffs are all the same a lot of violations. This regulation has been implemented past times the Department of Transportation Malang equally implementing policies inwards the fields of transportation. Only inwards its implementation is found violations committed past times populace transportation drivers. Such violations inwards the shape of withdrawal of tariff unilaterally in addition to force.

It is presumably because most people receive got for granted existing violations. The lack of complaints from the populace is what makes the populace transportation drivers are familiar alongside the designing of violations equally has been described above. This is where the importance of awareness of the constabulary for all aspects of guild inwards monastic enjoin to create the perfect constabulary organisation in addition to are non going inequality.

8.      BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011

Ananda, Kiky Rizky. Pemberlakuan Tarif  Angkutan Umum Perdesaan Bagi Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum Menurut Peraturan Daerah No. 27 Tahun 2013 dan Maslahah Mursalah, Malang: UIN Malang, 2016.

Ashshofa, Burhan. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.

Evanti, Nukila dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA)  Berperspektif HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2014

Friedman, Lawrence M. American Law An Introduction Second Edition (Hukum Amerika Sebuah Pengantar) Penerjemah Wishnu Basuki, Jakarta: PT. Tatanusa, 2001

Huda, Ni’matul. Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2010.

Koentjaraningrat. Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta, Indonesia: PT. Gramedia, 1993

Saifullah, Refleksi Sosiologi Hukum, (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010) h. 105

Waluyo, Bambang. Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2002.

Hadjar, Abdul Fickar dkk.  Analisis komparatif Budaya Hukum Profesional Hukum Indonesia. http://www.reformasihukum.org/ID/file/anggota/Analisis%20komparatif%20Budaya%20Hukum%20Profesional.pdf

Dinas Perhubungan Malang, Tupoksi, http://dishub.malangkota.go.id/tupoksi/

Peraturan Daerah Kota Malang Nomor  5  Tahun 2011 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Angkutan Orang di Jalan dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum

Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan

(IZZATUL ULYA 15230082)

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[1] Peraturan Daerah Kota Malang Nomor  5  Tahun 2011 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Angkutan Orang di Jalan dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum

[2] Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan

[3] Lawrence M. Friedman, American Law An Introduction Second Edition (Hukum Amerika Sebuah Pengantar) Penerjemah Wishnu Basuki, Penerbit PT. Tatanusa, Jakarta, 2001, hal 7

[4] Lawrence M. Friedman, American Law An Introduction Second Edition, h. 7

[5] Kiky Rizky Ananda, Pemberlakuan Tarif  Angkutan Umum Perdesaan Bagi Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum Menurut Peraturan Daerah Number 27 Tahun 2013 dan Maslahah Mursalah, (Malang: UIN Malang, 2016) h. 37

[6] Kiky Rizky Ananda, Pemberlakuan Tarif  Angkutan Umum Perdesaan, h. 8

[7] Nukila Evanti dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) Berperspektif HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2014) h. 29

[8] Nukila Evanti dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA), h. 29

[9] Ni’matul Huda, Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah, (Bandung: Nusa Media, 2010) h. 205

[10] Bambang Waluyo, Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2002), h.15

[11] Burhan Ashshofa, Metode penelitian hukum (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010), h. 15

[12] Koentjaraningrat. Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. (Jakarta, Indonesia:Gramedia, 1993) h. 89

[13] Zainuddin Ali, Metode Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011) h. 47

[14] Zainuddin Ali, Metode Penelitian Hukum, h. 54

[15] Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan

[16] Observasi

[17] Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2016

[18] Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2016

[19] Dinas Perhubungan Malang, Tupoksi, http://dishub.malangkota.go.id/tupoksi/, diakses pada tanggal 12 Desember 2016 pukul 6.34

[20] Wawancara dilaksanakan tanggal 8 Desember 2016

[21] Abdul Fickar Hadjar dkk, Analisis komparatif Budaya Hukum Profesional Hukum Indonesia, http://www.reformasihukum.org/ID/file/anggota/Analisis%20komparatif%20Budaya%20Hukum%20Profesional.pdf diakses pada tanggal 12 Desember 2016

[22] Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2016

[23] Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2016

[24] Saifullah, Refleksi Sosiologi Hukum, (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010) h. 105